In the construction of the highway and railway to Alma-Ata was completed. The Alma-Ata airport was opened in , opening up a direct connection from Alma-Ata to Moscow , the center of the Soviet government. Alma-Ata became the main entry by air to Kazakhstan, a status which it retains today. Transformation of this small town into the capital of the Kazakh SSR was accelerated by the large-scale construction of new administrative and government facilities and housing.
The Soviet government dominated the population. During the s Kazakh nomads suffered starvation after disruption of their traditional living patterns.
The plan was based on the existing rectangular system of districts. They were to be strengthened and reconstructed. During World War II the government dramatically affected the city's population and structures. To better organize the home front and concentrate industrial and material resources, the government evacuated 26, people and numerous industries from the European theatre of war. Motion picture production companies from Leningrad , Kiev , and Moscow were also moved to Alma-Ata at this time.
Over 52, Alma-Ata residents received the title: Gratitude for Your Self-Denying Labour. Forty-eight residents were granted the title of Hero of The Soviet Union. Three rifle divisions were raised in Alma-Ata, including the well-known 8th Guards Rifle Division ' Panfilov ' originally the th rifle division , along with 2 rifle battalions and 3 aviation regiments that were raised on the bases of the air club of Alma-Ata.
After , due to the mass evacuation of factories and workers from the European part of the Soviet Union during World War II, Alma-Ata became an administrative and trading centre.
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Although it had an underdeveloped industrial base it become one of the largest industrial centres of the Soviet Union. It was to the rear of the wartime fronts. During the years — the industrial potential of the city increased significantly. Development increased during the postwar years. The population of the city grew from , in to , in By the city had enterprises, with the bulk of these being light industrial and food industries.
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The main industries in Alma-Ata were: The main products of the region were:. From to , 1,, square metres of public and cooperative housing were built. Annually, around , square metres of dwellings were under construction. Most of the buildings constructed during this time were earthquake-proof multi-storey buildings. The Soviet government tried to diversify architectural forms to create a more varied cityscape. During this period, many schools, hospitals, cultural, and entertainment facilities were constructed, including Lenin's Palace, the Kazakhstan Hotel , and the " Medeo " sports complex.
The Medeu Dam , designed to protect the city of Almaty and the Medeo skating rink from catastrophic mudflows during flood season, was built in It was reinforced a number of times in the s and s. The supersonic transport Tupolev Tu went into service on 26 December , carrying mail and freight between Moscow and Alma-Ata in preparation for passenger services; these began in November The Aeroflot flight on 1 June was the 55th and last scheduled passenger flight of the Tu Alma-Ata was the host city for a international conference on Primary Health Care. The Alma Ata Declaration was adopted, marking a paradigm shift in global public health.
On 7 September , the subway Almaty Metro project started construction; the subway was opened on 1 December after 23 years. Kazakhstan declared its independence from the Soviet Union on 16 December Kazakhstan Independence Day , and two years later the government renamed the city from the Russian Alma-Ata to the Kazakh name Almaty.
In the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev approved the Decree to transfer the capital from Almaty to Astana in the north of the country. The new General Plan of Almaty for was developed in It is intended to create ecologically safe, secure, and socially comfortable living conditions in the city. The main objective is to promote Almaty's image as a garden-city. It proposes continued multi-storied and single-housing development, reorganization of industrial districts or territories, improving transport infrastructure, and expanding the Almaty Metro. The first line of the Almaty metro was launched on 1 December , two weeks ahead of schedule.
The extension of the line to Kalkaman was opened in Nevertheless, Almaty has developed a major problem with air pollution. Already in , particulate emissions , then mostly from the city's thermal power station , exceeded Kazakh and EU standards by over 20 times.
The area of the city has been expanded during recent years with the annexation of the suburban settlements of Kalkaman, Kok Tube, Gorniy Gigant District Mountain Giant. Numerous apartment blocks and office skyscrapers have transformed the face of the town, which has been built into the mountains. Almaty was the site of a notorious terrorist attack in July , when Jihadist Ruslan Kulikbayev killed eight police officers and two civilians in a shootout and car chase.
Kulikbayev was wounded during the shootout and later sentenced to death for the attack.
Dfa with hot summers and cold winters. It is characterized by the influence of mountain-valley circulation. This is especially evident in the northern part of the city, located directly in the transition zone of the mountain slopes to the plains. In average years frost starts on about 14 October and ends on about 18 April, with sustained extreme cold from about 19 December to about 23 February, a period of about 67 days.
In the center of Almaty, like any large city, there is a "heat island" — the average daily temperature contrast between the northern and southern suburbs of the city is 3. Therefore, frost in the city center starts about 7 days later and finishes 3 days earlier than in the northern suburbs. April and May are the wettest months, during which about a third of the city's annual precipitation is received.
It is not uncommon to see snow or a cold snap hitting Almaty as late as the end of May. For example, in the last quarter century, such snowfalls were recorded on 13 May , 1 May , 5 May and 18 May The record latest snowfall in Almaty was on 17 June Almaty sometimes experiences winter rain, despite heavy preceding snowfall and low temperatures. The most memorable winter rain took place on 16 December during a military parade to celebrate the 5th anniversary of the Independence of the Republic.
Industrially developed and densely populated areas in the south and southeast of Kazakhstan are situated in the zones where the maximum magnitudes of expected earthquakes are from 6. The south seismic active zone of Kazakhstan is a part of the North Tian-Shan ridge system. The main city of Almaty is located near the Zailiski Alatau mountain base.
In recorded history prior to the late 19th century, three catastrophic earthquakes are known to have taken place there. The following are the dates of occurrence and extracts from the historical chronicles of the times:. Within the past years, three more strong destructive earthquakes occurred here, with centres not more than 20 — kilometres 81 miles from the current city location.
Their magnitudes were 9 and 11 on the MSK scale — 64, and their centres were located within kilometres 62 miles. Centres were located in a south and south—east directions:. In each of these earthquakes, the city suffered wide destruction. Almaty is the most cosmopolitan city of Kazakhstan. As of February [update] the national statistics committee reported Almaty's population as 1,, The metropolitan area centred upon Almaty includes the cities and towns of Esik , Kaskelen , Talgar , and Kapchagay , and much of Enbekshikazakh , Jambyl , Ile , and Talgar districts, all of which lie within 1.
The nation is the most powerful economically in Central Asia and Almaty is a key financial center. One of the largest industries in Almaty is finance, and its financial exports make it a large contributor to Kazakhstan's balance of payments. The Kazakhstan Stock Exchange is based in Almaty.
Almaty Metro
Almaty is also developing as a regional financial and business centre RFCA. This was designed by T. The Metro will expand in the future. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
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