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Relative dating
Learn how inclusions and unconformities can tell us stories about the geologic past. We'll even visit the Grand Canyon to solve the mystery of the Great Unconformity!
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What does relative dating mean?
Want to watch this again later? Relative Dating with Fossils: Index Fossils as Indicators of Time. Numerical and Relative Geological Dating. Methods of Geological Dating: Numerical and Relative Dating. What is Relative Age? How to Interpret Events from Natural Phenomena.
Conditions of Fossil Preservation: Absolute Time in Geology.
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Discover how geologists study the layers in sedimentary rock to establish relative age. Now imagine that you come upon a formation like this: Example of a rock layer that is not smooth or parallel What do you think of it? Original Horizontality In order to establish relative dates, geologists must make an initial assumption about the way rock strata are formed.
Law of Superposition Once we assume that all rock layers were originally horizontal, we can make another assumption: Let's look at these rock strata here: Example of rock with five layers We have five layers total. Now, what if instead of being horizontal, this rock layer was found in a tilted position? Whatever caused this formation to tilt happened after the strata was formed. Cross-Cutting Relationships We follow this same idea, with a few variations, when we talk about cross-cutting relationships in rock. Whatever caused this igneous intrusion occurred after the strata formed.
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Try it risk-free No obligation, cancel anytime. Want to learn more? Select a subject to preview related courses: Inclusions and Unconformities Sometimes, geologists find strange things inside the strata, like chunks of metamorphic or igneous rock. The Great Unconformity of the Grand Canyon Well, following the Principle of Cross-Cutting Relationships, we can tell that whatever deformed the shales - probably an earthquake - must have occurred before any of the upper sandstones were deposited. Lesson Summary Geologists establish the relative ages of rocks mostly through their understanding of stratigraphic succession.
Learning Outcomes After watching this video lesson, you'll be able to: Describe the Principle of Original Horizontality, the Law of Superposition and the Principle of Cross-Cutting Relationships Explain what inclusions and unconformities are Summarize how geologists utilize the laws of relative dating to establish the relative ages of rocks, using the Grand Canyon as an example. Unlock Your Education See for yourself why 30 million people use Study.
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What is Relative Age? - Definition & Effect
Upgrade to Premium to add all these features to your account! What best describes you? Choose one Student Teacher Parent Tutor. What's your main goal? The first is called absolute dating , where geologists use radioactive decay to determine the actual age of a rock.
The second is by using relative dating techniques. Let's say you are a geologist who is tasked with dating the rocks found in the Grand Canyon, and you must do so in the canyon without the aid of any laboratory equipment. How would you do it? What can you deduce from the rocks? Geologists use what they see and some simple strategies to relative date the rock layers found in the Grand Canyon. Relative dating doesn't really give us an actual 'age,' but it does put things in sequential order.
This allows geologists to determine the age of a rock or strata relative to another rock or strata. So, instead of saying when something happened, it puts events in the order they happened. So, basically it's the difference between saying 'I'm 25 years old, and my sibling is 20 years old' and 'I'm older than my sibling.
Principle of original horizontality: This principle simply states that deposition of rocks occurs horizontally or nearly horizontally. Deposition means the process of adding new rock. Most deposition occurs as the ocean deposits sediment flat and horizontally on existing rock, either on the ocean floor or on the continent. Sediments can be deposited on an incline, but this doesn't happen very often.
Once the rocks are deposited flat, forces can act upon them to tilt or fold them. This is one of the most basic techniques of relative dating geologists use.